Revisión sistemática de la terapia dialéctico-conductual para el tratamiento de los trastornos alimentarios

Treball Final de Màster Universitari en Psicologia General Sanitària. Codi: SBF018. Curs acadèmic: 2019/2020El aumento de los trastornos alimentarios a lo largo de los años es un problema que viene despertando el interés de los profesionales desde hace décadas. La terapia cognitivo-conductual (TCC) es la terapia por excelencia en este campo. Sin embargo, las tasas de remisión derivadas de la misma siguen siendo insuficientes. Con el surgimiento de las terapias de tercera generación aparece la terapia dialéctico comportamental (DBT) demostrando grandes efectos en el tratamiento del trastorno límite de la personalidad, uno de los más complicados. Por ello, en la presente revisión sistemática que abarca los últimos 20 años, se pretende comprobar la eficacia de la DBT en el tratamiento de los mismos mediante la revisión de once estudios de diferente tipo en los distintos trastornos más predominantes: anorexia, bulimia y trastorno por atracón. Los resultados se observan prometedores, pero limitados en sus conclusiones debido a la falta de estandarización en la medición de la sintomatología, así como también la escasez de muestra y la variedad en las modalidades de estudios analizados.The increase of eating disorders over the years is a problem that has been attracting the interest of professionals for decades. Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) is the therapy by choice in this field. However, the remission rates derived from it are still insufficient. With the emergence of third-generation therapies, behavioral dialectical therapy (DBT) appears, demonstrating great effects in the treatment of borderline personality disorder, one of the most complicated ones. Therefore, in the present systematic review covering the last 20 years, the aim is to verify the efficacy of DBT in treating them by reviewing eleven studies of different types in the most prevalent disorders: anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder. The results are promising, but limited in their conclusions due to the lack of standardization in the measurement of symptoms, as well as the lack of sample and the variety in the study modalities analyzed

Adenoma sebáceo de la glándula parótida

Los tumores de las glándulas salivales constituyen un área importante de la patología oral y maxilofacial. La mayor parte de las neoplasias glandulares salivales son benignas, representando las malignas entre el 15 y el 32% del total. La localización más común de estas entidades es la glándula parótida, en la que asientan hasta el 80% de todos los casos. En este artículo se presenta un caso de adenoma sebáceo salival, de localización parotídea. El tumor, formado por células epiteliales que tapizan conductos, exhibe amplias áreas de diferenciación sebácea y zonas con metaplasia oncocítica. El patrón histológico es predominantemente quístico, observándose cavidades rellenas con material sebáceo. Si bien la presencia de glándulas sebáceas en las glándulas salivales es frecuente, las neoplasias exclusivamente formadas por las mismas son muy infrecuentes. Dada su rareza, este tumor plantea problemas diagnósticos diferenciales con otras entidades benignas y malignas. Su tratamiento implica la extirpación de la lesión, lo que generalmente involucra la eliminación de la glándula en la que ha surgido. El presente caso constituye el séptimo publicado de esta entidad.Tumors of the salivary glands constitute an important field of oral and maxillofacial pathology. The majority of salivary gland neoplasms are benign, with malignant salivary tumors accounting for 15 to 32 percent. The most common site for salivary gland tumors is the parotid gland, accounting up to 80 percent of all cases. This article reports the pathologic picture in a case of sebaceous adenoma of the parotid gland. The tumor was composed of epithelial cells lining ducts and closely associated with broad areas of sebaceous differentiation. The growth pattern was predominantly cystic, with cavities filled with sebaceous material. Areas of oncocytic metaplasia were also seen. The presence of sebaceous glands in salivary neoplasms is frequent, however, and in spite of this, salivary neoplasms constituted partially or entirely of these cells are rarely observed. To the surgeon and pathologist, the major problem in dealing with sebaceous adenoma is the recognition of this rare entity, avoiding confusing with other more aggressive neoplasms. The treatment involves surgical excision. The addition of the current case to the previously published data brings the total number of parotid sebaceous adenoma to seven

Biotinylated polyurethane-urea nanoparticles for targeted theranostics in human hepatocellular carcinoma

Over the past years, significant efforts have been devoted to explore novel drug delivery and detection strategies for simultaneous therapy and diagnostics. The development of biotinylated polyurethane-urea nanoparticles as theranostic nanocarriers for targeted drug and plasmid delivery, for fluorescence detection of human hepatocellular carcinoma cells, is described herein. These targeted nanoparticles are specifically designed to incorporate biotin into the polymeric matrix, since many tumor types overexpress receptors for biotin as a mechanism to boost uncontrolled cell growth. The obtained nanoparticles were spherical, exhibited an average diameter ranging 110–145 nm, and showed no cytotoxicity in healthy endothelial cells. Biotinylated nanoparticles are selectively incorporated into the perinuclear and nuclear area of the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line, HepG2, in division, but not into growing, healthy, human endothelial cells. Indeed, the simultaneous incorporation of the anticancer drugs, phenoxodiol or sunitinib, together with plasmid DNA encoding green fluorescent protein, into these nanoparticles allows a targeted pharmacological antitumor effect and furthermore, selective transfection of a reporter gene, to detect these cancer cells. The combined targeted therapy and detection strategy described here could be exploited for liver cancer therapy and diagnostics, with a moderate safety profile, and may also be a potential tool for other types of cancer.Spain. Ministerio de Educación y CienciaDGI (Spain) (CTQ 2011-29336-C03/PPQ)Catalonia (Spain). Departament d'Universitats, Recerca i Societat de la Informació (DURSI) (Grant 2009 SGR-961)CIBER-BB

Sebaceous adenoma of the parotid gland

Tumors of the salivary glands constitute an important field of oral and maxillofacial pathology. The majority of salivary gland neoplasms are benign, with malignant salivary tumors accounting for 15 to 32 percent. The most common site for salivary gland tumors is the parotid gland, accounting up to 80 percent of all cases. This article reports the pathologic picture in a case of sebaceous adenoma of the parotid gland. The tumor was composed of epithelial cells lining ducts and closely associated with broad areas of sebaceous differentiation. The growth pattern was predominantly cystic, with cavities filled with sebaceous material. Areas of oncocytic metaplasia were also seen. The presence of sebaceous glands in salivary neoplasms is frequent, however, and in spite of this, salivary neoplasms constituted partially or entirely of these cells are rarely observed. To the surgeon and pathologist, the major problem in dealing with sebaceous adenoma is the recognition of this rare entity, avoiding confusing with other more aggressive neoplasms. The treatment involves surgical excision. The addition of the current case to the previously published data brings the total number of parotid sebaceous adenoma to seven

La Villa Sarabhai. La riqueza de lo ambiguo

[EN] Villa Sarabhai is considered by many critics to be a paradigm of "architecture femelle", because it absorbs the setting and has vaulted spaces, which are elements associated with a rustic, folkloric, and even primitive, architecture. However, the evolution of the project shows that Le Corbusier did not intend to integrate the villa into the landscape or pay tribute to traditional architecture. Le Corbusier kept evolving. He added new twists to his consolidated architectonic strategies and defied classification: he generated a free plan by using walls; he transformed the garden terrace from a room without a ceiling into a prairie; and, instead of laminating the space in vertical, he laminated it in horizontal. Nevertheless, the aim of his architecture remained constant since the 1920s, generating a permanent feeling of bewilderment. Inside Villa Sarabhai, visitors are not able to confirm if they are in a building which is anchored to the ground, or in one which is resting on it; in an orthogonal construction or in a vaulted one; up or down; inside or outside; not even sure whether what they perceive is real or a representation of reality. The ambiguity becomes the means for reaching the architectonic richness.[ES] La Villa Sarabhai ha sido considerada en gran parte de las referencias críticas como un paradigma de la "architecture femelle" por absorber el emplazamiento y por sus espacios abovedados, llegando a ser asociada con la arquitectura rústica, folklórica, incluso primitiva. Sin embargo, la evolución del proyecto muestra que no existe ninguna voluntad por parte de Le Corbusier de integrar la villa en su entorno ni de rendir tributo a la arquitectura tradicional. Le Corbusier continúa evolucionando dando un nuevo giro a estrategias arquitectónicas ya consolidadas y resistiéndose a las clasificaciones: genera una planta libre mediante muros; transforma la terraza jardín de una habitación sin techo en una pradera; y en lugar de laminar el espacio en vertical lo lamina en horizontal. No obstante, el objetivo de su arquitectura se mantiene firme desde los años 20, generar una sensación continua de desconcierto. En la Villa Sarabhai el visitante no es capaz de afirmar si se encuentra en un edificio anclado al terreno o que se posa sobre él, en una construcción arquitrabada o abovedada, arriba o abajo, dentro o fuera, ni siquiera si lo que percibe es real o una representación de la realidad. Así, la ambigüedad se convierte en el medio para alcanzar la riqueza arquitectónica.García González, A.; Mas Llorens, V.; Santatecla Fayos, J. (2016). La Villa Sarabhai. La riqueza de lo ambiguo. En LE CORBUSIER. 50 AÑOS DESPUÉS. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. 786-803. https://doi.org/10.4995/LC2015.2015.910OCS78680

Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Methods to Predict Growth of F. sporotrichioides and Production of T-2 and HT-2 Toxins in Treatments with Ethylene-Vinyl Alcohol Films Containing Pure Components of Essential Oils

The efficacy of ethylene-vinyl alcohol copolymer films (EVOH) incorporating the essential oil components cinnamaldehyde (CINHO), citral (CIT), isoeugenol (IEG), or linalool (LIN) to control growth rate (GR) and production of T-2 and HT-2 toxins by Fusarium sporotrichioides cultured on oat grains under different temperature (28, 20, and 15 °C) and water activity (aw) (0.99 and 0.96) regimes was assayed. GR in controls/treatments usually increased with increasing temperature, regardless of aw, but no significant differences concerning aw were found. Toxin production decreased with increasing temperature. The effectiveness of films to control fungal GR and toxin production was as follows: EVOH-CIT > EVOH-CINHO > EVOH-IEG > EVOH-LIN. With few exceptions, effective doses of EVOH-CIT, EVOH-CINHO, and EVOH-IEG films to reduce/inhibit GR by 50%, 90%, and 100% (ED50, ED90, and ED100) ranged from 515 to 3330 µg/culture in Petri dish (25 g oat grains) depending on film type, aw, and temperature. ED90 and ED100 of EVOH-LIN were >3330 µg/fungal culture. The potential of several machine learning (ML) methods to predict F. sporotrichioides GR and T-2 and HT-2 toxin production under the assayed conditions was comparatively analyzed. XGBoost and random forest attained the best performance, support vector machine and neural network ranked third or fourth depending on the output, while multiple linear regression proved to be the worst

Mineralogical characterization of the granite of Golpejas (Salamanca)

En el presente trabajo se propone una sistemática de caracterización mineralógica a través de la aplicación de la espectrorradiometría de campo VNIR-SWIR (visible e infrarrojo cercano y de onda corta) para el estudio de caolines. La caracterización mineralógica de base ha sido la Difracción de Rayos X, de acuerdo con la rutina clásica de los estudios de minerales arcillosos. Como caso de estudio, se ha seleccionado el yacimiento de estaño de Golpejas (Salamanca). El yacimiento estannífero de Golpejas está constituido por varias láminas de un microgranito albítico que da lugar a estructuras más o menos circulares, cortando a los metasedimentos del Complejo Esquisto-Grauváquico en la Zona Centro-Ibérica. El emplazamiento tuvo lugar durante la fase extensional de la Orogenia Varisca y los procesos de greisenización y caolinitización hidrotermal aumentaron la concentración de Sn,Ta,Nb, y dieron lugar a la formación de la caolininita por alteración de los feldespatos primarios. Puesto que los minerales del grupo de la caolinita (caolinita,dickita y nacrita) presentan rasgos característicos y diferenciadores en el intervalo de longitudes de onda con la técnica propuesta (VNIR-SWIR), los espectros obtenidos junto con las técnicas clásicas de estudio de minerales arcillosos permiten la caracterización mineralógica del caolín de Golpejas (Salamanca).In the present work, we propose a systematics of mineralogical characterization through field spectrometry VNIR-SWIR (visible, near-infrared and short-wave infrared) as well as the techniques most used for the identification and semiquantification of special clays. The basis of the mineralogical study has been X-ray diffraction, according to the classical routine of studies on clay minerals. As a case of study, the tin deposit of Golpejas (Salamanca) has been selected. The Golpejas tin deposit consists of several sheets of albite microgranite, more or less circular in shape, that intersect the metasediments of the schist-graywacke complex in the Iberian Zone. The emplazament took place during the extensional phase of Variscan Orogeny and the processes of greaseization and hydrothermal kaolinitization increased the concentration of Sn, Nb, Ta as well as kaolin. The albite leucogranite carrying the mineralization show a strong kaolinitization that occurred during the final phase of the mineralizing stage. As kaolinite group minerals (kaolinite, dickite and nacrite) have characteristic and differentiating features in the range of wavelenght studied with the proposed technique (VNIR-SWIR), the spectra obtained together with the classic clay mineral study techniques, allow us the mineralogical characterization of the Golpejas kaolin.Depto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

Mineralogical characterization of bentonites from the Source Clay Repository

Se caracterizan mineralógicamente 4 muestras bentoníticas del Source Clay Repository con el fin de conocer su composición mineralógica y relacionarla con su respuesta espectral en el rango 400- 2400 nm. Para ello se han utilizado dos técnicas analíticas distintas: difracción de Rayos-X (DRX) y espectroscopía VNIR-SWIR. Ambas técnicas nos muestran un alto contenido en esmectitas, con una cantidad muy pequeña de impurezas de cuarzo en las muestras APA y COU(V). También nos han permitido identificar el carácter di o trioctaédrico de las esmectitas, siendo dioctaédricas las muestras APA y SAN y triocatédricas COU(V) y SHE. La espectroscopía VNIR-SWIR muestra la gran similaritud de las dos muestras dioctaédricas mientras que evidencia el diferente contenido octaédrico de las otras dos muestras estudiadas: COU(V) marcada por su alto contenido en Fe y Mg, y SHE (hectorita sintética) en la que la presencia de Li produce rasgos claramente diferenciadores. Estos resultados indican que la espectroscopía VNIR-SWIR es una técnica útil en la identificación de esmectitas.Four bentonite samples from Source Clay Repository have been characterized to know their mineralogical composition and to be able to compare them. For that purpose, two different analytical techniques have been used: X-ray diffraction (DRX) and VNIR-SWIR spectroscopy. Both techniques indicate that all samples are very pure, and that APA and COU(V) samples have a very small amount of quartz impurities. They have also allowed us to discriminate between dioctahedrical samples (APA and SAN) and trioctahedrical samples (COU(V) and SHE. VNIR-SWIR spectroscopy shows the high resemblance between the two dioctahedral samples and evidences the clear difference between the two trioctahedral smectites: COU(V) and SHE. COU(V) becasue of its high content in Fe and Mg, and SHE (synthetic hectorite) due to the presence of Li that produces features clearly distinctive. This results indicate that the VNIR-SWIR spectroscopy is a usefull technique to identify smectites.Depto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu